List of human phenotypes

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Below is a list of human phenotypes.[1]

Phenotypes

Negroid

  • Sanid
    • Kalaharid: Northern and Central Bushmen, e.g. the !Kung (e.g. Ju/'hoansi), Naro, Khwe, Amkoe, and related people
    • Karroid: Taa speakers, Xam, Khomani, Karretjie, and Coloreds
    • Strandlooper: South African coasts from Cape Colony to the Skeleton Coast; Topnaar (ǂ Aonin)
  • Khoid
  • Bambutid
  • Congolid
    • Congolesid: Lingala, Tshiluba, Bapoto, Boa, Ngumba, Ba Soko, Mpongwe, Barotse, and related people, more mixed in Chokwe, Kordofanians, Zande, Kongo, etc.
    • West Congolesid: Makaa-Njem speakers, also in Bamileke, Bassa, Ewondo, Batanga, and Eto
    • Guinesid: Susu, Konyanke, Krou, Kuranko, Kissi, Guerzè, Kpelle, Yakoba, Temne, Bidyogo, Baule, Dida, Nago, Yoruba, also Ekoi, Kongo, Teke, and related people
    • Guineo Camerunian: Gagu, Anyi, Ashanti, Southern Igbo, Cameroonians (e.g. Bakaka, Nen), and many related people
    • Mundu Mangbeto: Mangbetu, Mundu, Lese, Medje, more mixed in Zande and some Central Sudanic speakers
    • Mountain Dama: Damara, Ovambo, and related groups
  • Bantuid
    • North Bantuid: Ganda, Hutu, Nyoro, Hehe, Gogo, Chaga, Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Swahili, mixed in Hemba, Kikuyu, Kamba, and others
    • South Bantuid: Zulu, Swazi, Bhaca, also in Makua, Kwanyama, Hlubi, Fengu, Ovambo, Pondo and many more
    • Central Bantuid: Tsonga and Tonga, also in Kunda, Mbundu, Vili, Venda, Nyungwe, and others
    • Chopi-Tswana: Chopi and Tswana, also in the Nyamban, sometimes Tsonga, Sotho, and surrounding groups
    • Fengu-Pondo: Fengu, Pondo, and Hlubi
    • Xhosaid: Xhosa, Southern Sotho, and Shangana
  • Sudanid
    • Sudanid: Mossi, Lobi, Dagaaba, Senufo, Northern Malinke, Gurunsi, Songhai, and Bambara
    • East Sudanid: Fur, Kresh, Yulu, Nara, Kunama, and even Southern Egyptians
    • Bobo: Bobo-Fing and Bobo-Dyula, also in Dogon, Senufo, and Songhai
    • Senegalid: Wolof, more mixed in Serer
    • Equatorial Sudanid: Azande, Baya, Mundu, Banda, Nzkara, Logo, Keliko, Kresh, Bongo, Avukaya, Madi, but also Fang
    • Casamance: Jola, Jola-Felupe, Diamate, and related groups
  • Nilotid
    • Dinkaid: Dinka and Nuer, but also Atuot, Atwot, Agar, Bor
    • Shillukid: Shilluk, but also in Anuak
    • South Nilotid: Acholi, Alur, Kawka, Bari, Kresh, Luo, Lotuko, sometimes even Mangbetu
    • Shari: Sara, also in Bua, Mbum, Ouldeme, Madara, Massa, Mousgoum, Banda, and even Azande
    • Pre Nilotid: Kwama, Uduk, Gumuz, Mao, and related people
  • Ethiopid
    • East Ethiopid: Hawiye, Darod, Dir, but also common in Tigray-Tigrinya, Agaw, and Eastern Oromo
    • North Ethiopid: Beja, Beni Amer, Nubians, Hadendoa
    • South Ethiopid: Tutsi, also in Hema
    • Maasai
    • Central Ethiopid: Oromo, also Somali, Borana, Konso, and Sidama
    • Saharan Ethiopid: Toubou, but more mixed in Hausa, Iravellans of the Tuareg, Kanembu, Buduma, Zande, Fur, even Eton
    • Proto Ethiopid: occasionally found in Kunama and Nara, but also Amhara, Tigray-Tigrinya, rarer in Oromo, Beja, and others
    • Omotic: Ari/Aari, Banna, Hamer, Karo, Turmi, and Erbore

Australoid

Caucasoid

Mongoloid

  • Tungid
    • Gobid: Buryat, Mongolians, Tuvins, also in Yakut, South Altaians
    • Baykal: Evens, Eastern Evenks, Yukagirs
    • Amur-Sakhalin: Nivkhs (Gilyaks)
    • Aralid: Kazakhs, but also in other Turkic people like Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, and Tatars
    • Manchu-Korean
  • Sibirid
  • Lappid
  • Ainuid
    • Aoshima: Ainu of Hokkaido
    • Chikuzen: northern half of Kyushu Island, and was often found among Samurai
    • Ishikawa: northern middle and northeastern part of Honshu Island
  • Sinid
    • Huanghoid: Liaoning, Kirin, Heilungkiang and Jehol, sometimes Hoklo in Fuijan
    • Chukiangid: Cantonese, Guangdong, Fukien, Southern Yunna, mixed in Vietnamese, Tai, and Muong
    • Tonkinesid: Northern Vietnam
    • Annamid: Central Vietnam, slightly more mixed in South Vietnam
    • Changkiangid: Kiangsu, Chekiang, Anhuei, Kiangsi, Hupei, Hunan, Szechuan, Kueichow, and Yunnan
    • Kham: Eastern Tibet
    • Choshiu: west coast of Honshu
    • Yakonin: occasionally found across Japan
  • South Mongolid
    • Palaungid: Central Burmese hill tribes
      • East Palaungid: hills of South China, often in Pakanic, Liau, Pu-man, Zhuang, Angku, etc.
      • South Palaungid: hill tribes of Thailand, Laos, and parts of Vietnam, in Lao Soung, Khmu, Lua, Degar
    • Kachinid: Kachin, also in Karen, and has a Nagid subvariety in Naga, Khmu and Lao
    • Shanid: Burmese
    • Khmerid: Khmer
    • Deutero Malayid: Malay
    • Dayakid: Dayaks of Borneo, also common in Batak, Kubu, Toradja, Bugi, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Isnag, Nabaloi, Kankani, Bonto, Kalinga, Ifuago, Jakun, sometimes Taiwanese, Malagasy, Polynesians, and others
    • Proto Malayid: Lesser Sunda Islands like Sumba, Flores, Timor up to Kisar, also common in the Maluku Islands (Aru, Lei, Tanimbar, Ceram, Ambon, Buru), West Tenggarese of Java, and in Siberut in the west of Sumatra
  • Polynesid

Amerindian

  • Eskimid
  • Silvid
    • Planid: Siouan speakers (Dakota, Assiniboine, Lakota, Crow, etc.), Blackfoot, and Cheyenne
    • Appalacid: East Algonquins and Iroquois
  • Pacifid
    • Pacifid: Wakashan and many Salishan speakers, especially Kwakiutl and Nez Perce, also Flatheads, Tlinkit, Haida, Coeur d'Alene, Shuswap, Yakama, and many related groups
    • California Pacifid: Yurok as well as Chinook groups, also in Hupa, Modoc, Klamath, the extinct Chumash, and related people
    • Athabaskid: Athabaskan speakers like Ahtna, Carrier Chilcotin, Dogrib, Sacree, Tanana, Telah, Tutchone, and others
    • Arizonid: Apache, Navajo, and Comanche, also in some neighboring tribes
  • Centralid
    • Isthmid: Mayangna, Pech, Kuna, Naso, Ngäbe, Bokota, and related people
    • Maya
    • Pueblid: Hopi, Zuni, Choctaw, Caddo, Ute, Mohave, Nahua, Huichol, and many of their neighbors
  • Margid
    • Mexicid: Otomi, Purépecha, Pame, Pima of Mexico, as well West Mono and Pomo of California
    • Sonorid: Pima (O'odham) and Seri
    • Californid: Yuki, North Pomo, Wailaki, Kato, Huchnom, and Wappo
  • Andid
  • Patagonid
    • Patagonid: Tehuelche, and slightly Fuegid-admixed in Selknam
    • Bororo
    • Pampid: Chorote, Chané, Mataco, Kadiweu, Pilagá, Toba, Wichí, Mocoví, Abipón, and the extinct Charrúa of Uruguay
  • Lagid
    • Lagoa Santa: Ję speakers like Xavante, Xerente, Krahô, Kayapo, Apinajé, U'wa; also in Xingu and Ayoreo and some Amazonians (e.g. Yanomani, Ye'kuana)
    • South Fuegid: Yaghan and Kawésqar, also the extinct Chonos, Changos, and others
    • Huarpid: Huarpe, common in Sirionó and the almost-gone Comechingónes
    • Botocudo: Botocudo (Aimoré, Krenak)
  • Amazonid
    • North Amazonid: Cariban speakers, e.g. Caribs, Makushi, Pemón, Taurepang, Wayana, Yabarana, among others
    • South Amazonid: Tupian speakers, e.g. Apika, Awá-Guajá, Guarani, Kawahib, Chiriguano, Piripkura, etc., and the extinct Tupi and Querandí
    • West Amazonid: Arawakan speakers, typical groups are Yawalapiti, Asháninka, Mashco-Piro, Piapoco, Wayuu, among others
    • Chocó-Motilon: Chocó (Embera, Wounaan), Motilon (Barí, Yukpa) and some related people

Typologies

Typologies of human phenotypes include:[2]

  • Knussmann (1996)[3]
  • Lundman (1988)[4]
  • Alexeev (1979)[5]
  • Debets (1974)[6]
  • Vogel (1974)[7]
  • Vallois (1968)[8]
  • Biasutti (1967)[9]
  • Czekanowski (1967)[10]
  • Lundman (1967)[11]
  • Cole (1965)[12]
  • Drexel (1955)[13]
  • Eickstedt (1952)[14]
  • Cheboksarov (1951)[15]
  • Coon, Garn, Birdsell (1950)[16]
  • Hooton (1946)[17]
  • Lundman (1943)[18]
  • Biasutti (1941)[19]
  • Eickstedt (1937)[20]
  • Montandon (1933)[21]
  • Klimek (1932)[22]
  • Haddon (1925)[23]
  • Kleinschmidt (1922)[24]
  • Gregory (1921)[25]
  • Giuffrida-Ruggeri (1912/13)[26][27]
  • Biasutti (1912)[28]
  • Bonarelli (1909)[29]
  • Sergi (1908)[30]
  • Schurtz (1903)[31]
  • Deniker (1900)[32]
  • Brinton (1890)[33]
  • Deniker (1889)[34]
  • Flower (1885)[35]
  • Haeckel (1873)[36]
  • Müller (1873)[37]
  • Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire (1860)[38]
  • Zeune (1846)[39]
  • Morton (1839)[40]
  • Broc (1836)[41]
  • Fischer (1829)[42]
  • Bory (1827)[43]
  • Lesson (1827)[44]
  • Desmoulins (1826)[45]
  • Malte-Brun (1812)[46]
  • Blumenbach (1806)[47]
  • Virey (1801)[48]
  • Erxleben (1777)[49]
  • Hunter (1775)[50]
  • Müller (1773)[51]
  • Linné (1758)[52]
  • Bernier (1684)[53]

References

  1. ↑ HumanPhenotypes.net
  2. ↑ Typologies. HumanPhenotypes.net. Accessed on May 2021.
  3. ↑ Knussmann, R. 1996. Vergleichende Biologie des Menschen: Lehrbuch der Anthropologie und Humangenetik. 2ed. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.
  4. ↑ Lundman, B. 1988. Jordens folkstammar. Huddinge.
  5. ↑ Alexeev, V. P. 1979. The Differential Geography of Races. In: Stini, W. A. Physiological and Morphological Adaptation and Evolution. De Gruyter.
  6. ↑ Debets, G. 1974. Essay on the Graphical Presentation of the Genealogical Classification of Human Races. In: Bromley, Y. Soviet Ethnology and Anthropology Today. Mouton & Co.
  7. ↑ Vogel, C. 1974. Biologie in Stichworten V, Humanbiologie, Menschliche Stammesgeschichte - Populationsdifferenzierung Ferdinand Hirt. Kiel.
  8. ↑ Vallois, H. V. 1968. Las races humaines. 7 Ed. Grammont.
  9. ↑ Biasutti, R. 1967 (1941). Le Razze e i Popoli della terra. 4th Ed. Vol 1-4. U.T.E.T., Torino.
  10. ↑ Czekanowski, J.. 1967. Cz owiek w czasie i przestrzenie. Pa stwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Warsaw.
  11. ↑ Lundman, B. 1967. Geographische Anthropologie. Rassen und Völker der Erde. G. Fischer, Stuttgart.
  12. ↑ Cole, S. 1965. Races of Man. Butler & Tanner Ltd. Frome and London.
  13. ↑ Drexel, A. 1955. Die Völker der Erde. 2nd Ed. Akademie Verlag. Zürich.
  14. ↑ Eickstedt, E. von. 1952. Die prioritätsgerechten Bezeichnungen der menschlichen Varitäten. In: Historia Mundi. Band 1, Munich, 223-226.
  15. ↑ Cheboksarov, N.N.. 1951. Osnovnyje printsipy antropologicheskikh klassifikatsij. TIE. 16.
  16. ↑ Coon, C. S., Garn, S. M. and Birdsell, J. B. 1950. Races: a Study of Race formation in Man. Charles C. Thomas. Springfield.
  17. ↑ Hooton, E.A. 1946. Up from the Ape. Rev. ed. Macmillan Company . New York.
  18. ↑ Lundman, B. 1943. Jordens Människoraser och Folkstammar. Nybloms Förlag, Uppsala.
  19. ↑ Biasutti, R. 1941. Le Razze e i Popoli della terra. 1st Ed. Vol 1-3. U.T.E.T., Torino.
  20. ↑ Eickstedt, E. von. 1937. Geschichte der anthropologischen Namengebung und Klassifikation. In: Zeitschrift für Rassenkunde. Band 5, 209-282, Band 6, 36-96, 151-210.
  21. ↑ Montandon, G. 1933. La race, les races: mise au point d éthnologie somatique. Payot. Paris.
  22. ↑ Klimek, St. 1932. Terytorja antropologiczne. Prace Geogr. 15. Lwow / Warzawa.
  23. ↑ Haddon, A.C.. 1925. The Races of Man and their distribution. Cambridge at the University Press. London.
  24. ↑ Kleinschmidt, O. 1922. Realgattung Homo Sapiens. Eine naturgeschichtliche Monographie des Menschen. In: Beraja, Zoographia infinita. Halle.
  25. ↑ Gregory, W. 1921. Conspectus of the species and chief races of Hominidae. J. Dental Resreach 3. 178-197.
  26. ↑ Giuffrida-Ruggeri, V. 1913. Homo sapiens. Einleitung zu einem Kurse der Anthropologie. Wien.
  27. ↑ Giuffrida-Ruggeri, V. 1912. Schema di Classificazione degli hominidae attuali. Arch. per l'A. e l'Etn. XLII.
  28. ↑ Biasutti, R. 1912 Studi di Antropogeografia Generale. I Studi sulla distribuzione dei caratteri e dei tipi antropologici. Mem. Geogr. 6. Firenze.
  29. ↑ Bonarelli, G. 1909. Le Razze umane e le loro probabili affinità. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Ital. 66. 953-979.
  30. ↑ Sergi, G. 1908. Di una classificatione razionale dei gruppi umani. Att Soc. Ital. progr. Sci. Rome.
  31. ↑ Schurtz, H. 1903. Völkerkunde. Leipzig and Wien.
  32. ↑ Deniker, J., 1900, The Races of Man: An Outline of Anthropology and Ethnography. Books for Libraries Press. Freeport, NY.
  33. ↑ Brinton, D. G. 1890. Races and Peoples. Lectures on the science of ethnography. Philadelphia.
  34. ↑ Deniker, J. 1889. Essai d'une classification des races humaines basée uniquement sur les caractères physiques. Bull. Soc. d'A. 3 (12). 320-336.
  35. ↑ Flower, H. W. 1885. On the Classification of the varieties of the human species. J. Anthr. Inst. 14. 378-395.
  36. ↑ Haeckel, E. 1873. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. 4. Berlin.
  37. ↑ Müller, F. 1873. Allgemeine Ethnographie. Wien.
  38. ↑ Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, I. 1860. Sur la classification anthropologique et particulièrement sur les types principaux du genre humain. Mém. Soc. d'Anthr, 1. 125-144. Paris.
  39. ↑ Zeune, A. 1846. Über Schädelbildung zur festern Begründung der Menschenrassen. Berlin.
  40. ↑ Morton, S. G. Crania Americana. 296. Philadelphia.
  41. ↑ Broc, P. P. 1836. Essai sur les Races Humaines. Paris.
  42. ↑ Fischer, J. B. 1829. Synopsis Mammalium. Stuttgart.
  43. ↑ Bory de Saint-Vincent, M. 1827. L'Homme (Homo). Essai Zoologique sur le Genre Humain. 2nd Ed. Paris.
  44. ↑ Lesson, R.-P. 1827. Manuel de Mammologie, ou Historie Naturellle des Mammifères. Paris.
  45. ↑ Desmoulins, A. 1826. Historie Naturelle des Races Humaines du Nord-Est de l'Europe, de l'Asie Boréale et Orientale, et de l'Afrique Australe. Paris.
  46. ↑ Malte-Brun, K. 1812. Précis de la Géographie Universelle ou Description de Toutes les Parties du Monde, sur un Plan Noveau. 1. Paris.
  47. ↑ Blumenbach, J. F. 1806. Beyträge zur Naturgeschichte. Göttingen.
  48. ↑ Virey, J. J. 1801. Histoire Naturelle du Genre Humain. 2 Vol. Paris.
  49. ↑ Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Systema Regni Animalis per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Varietates cum Synonymia et Historia Animalium. Leipzig.
  50. ↑ Hunter, J. 1775. Disputatio inauguralis quaedam de hominum varietatibus et harum causes, exponens. Diss. Edinburgh.
  51. ↑ Müller, P. L. S. 1773. Des Ritters Carl von Linné, Könglich Schwedischen Leibarztes vollständiges Natursystem. Von den säugenden Thieren. Nürnberg.
  52. ↑ Linné, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae. 10 Ed.1 Holmiae.
  53. ↑ Bernier, F. 1684. Nouvelle divison de la Terre pour les différentes espèces ou races d'hommes qui l'habitent. Journal des sçavans. 133-140.

External links

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