Point class cutter
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The United States Coast Guard Point Class Cutters were a class of 82-foot patrol vessels designed to replace the aging 83-foot wooden hull patrol boat being used at the time. The design utilized a mild steel hull and an aluminum superstructure. The Coast Guard Yard discontinued the building of the 95-foot Cape class patrol boat in order to have the capacity to produce the 82-foot Point class patrol boat in 1960.[1] They served as patrol vessels used in law enforcement and search and rescue along the coasts of the United States and the Caribbean. They were replaced by the 87-foot Marine Protector class coastal patrol boats beginning in the late 1990s.
Contents
Naming the class
Following the Coast Guard custom in place in 1960 of not naming vessels under 100 feet in length, the first 44 Point class patrol boats were only identified by their hull number using the scheme of WPB-823xx, where 82 was the design length of the hull.[1] Beginning in January 1964, the Coast Guard started naming all vessels 65 feet in length and over; the 82-foot patrol boats were all given geographical "Point" names.[1][2]
Design and production
With the goal of reducing manning requirements in mind, the Point class patrol boat was designed to accommodate an 8 man crew, which was a reduction from the 15 man crews of the Cape class patrol boat.[1][3][4] Production started in early 1960 at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland and continued through late December 1963, producing 44 boats. The first 30 boats were powered by two 600 horsepower Cummins diesel engines; except for 82314 (later Point Thatcher) which was powered by two 1000 horsepower gas turbine engines with controllable pitch propellers[3] and 82318 (later Point Herron) which had two 800 horsepower Cummins diesels installed. Beginning in March 1962 with 82331 (later Point Marone), all boats were equipped with two 800 horsepower Cummins diesel engines. All were equipped with twin propellers. Eventually all boats were upgraded to the same 800 horsepower main engines used in the later production.[1][2] In 1966 a contract for the production of 25 additional boats was awarded to J.M. Martinac Shipbuilding Corp. of Tacoma, Washington and all 25 were equipped the twin 800 horsepower engines of the 1962 and later Yard production. In 1970, the last 9 boats of the class were produced at the Yard utilizing the 800 horsepower design of the rest of the class.[1] Those boats in service in 1990 were refit with Caterpillar diesel main drive engines.[1] Engine exhaust was ported through the transom rather than through a conventional stack and this permitted a 360 degree view from the bridge; a feature that was very useful in search and rescue work as well as a combat environment.[4]
The design specifications for the 82 foot cutter included a steel hull for durability and an aluminum superstructure to save weight. Ease of operation with a small crew size was possible because of the non-manned main drive engine spaces. Controls and alarms located on the bridge allowed one man operation of the cutter thus eliminating a live engineer watch in the engine room.[4] Because of design, four men could operate the cutter; however, the need for resting watchstanders brought the crew size to eight men for normal domestic service.[4] Berthing spaces were provided for thirteen so that requirements were met for passengers and extra wartime manning needs.[4] The screws were designed for ease of replacement and could be changed without removing the cutter from the water. A clutch-in idle speed of three knots helped to conserve fuel on lengthy patrols and an eighteen knot maximum speed could get the cutter on scene quickly.[5] Already part of the design, crews stationed in Vietnam found the air-conditioned interior especially helpful. Interior access to the deckhouse was through a watertight door on the starboard side aft of the deckhouse. The deckhouse contained the cabin for the officer-in-charge and the executive petty officer but for Vietnam service the spaces quartered the commanding officer, the executive officer and chief boatswain's mate as well as the chief engineman.[5] The deckhouse also included a small arms locker, scuttlebutt, a small desk and head. Access to the lower deck and engine room was down a ladder. At the bottom of the ladder was the galley, mess and recreation deck which also included three bunks for first class petty officers. A watertight door at the front of the mess bulkhead led to the main crew quarters which was ten feet long and included six bunks that could be stowed, three bunks on each side. Forward of the bunks was the crew's head complete with a compact sink, shower and commode.[5]
History
Domestic service
A total of 79 Point-class cutters were used for law enforcement and search and rescue patrol boats beginning in 1960. The cutters were mostly co-located with Coast Guard stations along the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf coasts. Point-class cutters were phased out in the late 1990s by the introduction of the Marine Protector-class 87-foot patrol cutter with the last Point-class cutter being decommissioned in 2003.[6][7]
Vietnam service
At the request of the U.S Navy, 26 of the Point class cutters were transported to Vietnam to serve with Coast Guard crews under U.S. Navy control during Operation Market Time. Coast Guard Squadron One was commissioned at Alameda, California 27 May 1965 and immediately began training and preparation for overseas deployment. All were later given to the South Vietnamese Navy as part of the Vietnamization of the war effort.[8]
Replacement
When planning the replacement for the Point class cutter, designers took into consideration the need for different berthing arrangements that would accommodate a mixed gender crew. Another important feature lacking on the Point class cutter that was desired on a replacement was a stern launch ramp for the rapid deployment of the cutter's small boat for use in search and rescue missions and in law enforcement work. Both of these requirements were designed into the Marine Protector class that began replacing the Point class cutters during the late 1990's.[6] The last Point class cutter was replaced in 2003.[7]
Commissioning, homeport, and disposition information
| Name | Hull number | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Homeport[1][9] | Disposition[1][9][10] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Point Caution | WPB-82301 | 5 Oct 1960 | 29 Apr 1970 | Galveston, Texas 61-65; Division 12, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Nguyễn An (HQ-716) 29 Apr 1970 |
| Point Hope | WPB-82302 | 5 Oct 1960 | 3 May 1991 | Sabine Pass, Texas 61-91 | Transfer to Costa Rica 3 May 1991 |
| Point Young | WPB-82303 | 26 Oct 1960 | 16 March 1970 | Grand Isle, Louisiana 61-65; Division 11, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Trần Lo (HQ-714) 16 March 1970 |
| Point League | WPB-82304 | 9 Nov 1960 | 16 May 1969 | Morgan City, Louisiana 61-65; Division 13, RVN 65-69 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Lê Phước Đức (HQ-700) 16 May 1969[11] |
| Point Partridge | WPB-82305 | 23 Nov 1960 | 27 May 1970 | Beals and West Jonesport, Maine 61-65; Division 13, RVN 66-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Bùi Viết Thành (HQ-715) 27 May 1970 |
| Point Jefferson | WPB-82306 | 7 Dec 1960 | 21 Feb 1970 | Nantucket, Massachusetts 61-65; Division 13, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Lê Ngọc Ẩn (HQ-712) 21 Feb 1970 |
| Point Glover | WPB-82307 | 7 Dec 1960 | 14 Feb 1970 | Fort Hancock, New Jersey 61-65; Division 11, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Đào Văn Đặng (HQ-711) 14 Feb 1970 |
| Point White | WPB-82308 | 18 Feb 1961 | 12 Jan 1970 | New London, Connecticut 61-65; Division 13, RVN 66-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Lê Đình Hùng (HQ-708) 12 Jan 1970 |
| Point Arden | WPB-82309 | 1 Feb 1961 | 14 Feb 1970 | Pt. Pleasant, New Jersey 61-65; Division 12, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Phạm Ngọc Châu (HQ-710) 14 Feb 1970 |
| Point Garnet | WPB-82310 | 15 Mar 1961 | 16 May 1969 | Norfolk, Virginia 61-65; Division 11, RVN 65-69 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Lê Văn Ngà (HQ-701) 16 May 1969[11] |
| Point Verde | WPB-82311 | 15 Mar 1961 | 12 May 1991 | Venice, Louisiana 61-68; Dauphin Island, Louisiana 69-79; Pensacola, Florida 80-91 | Transfer to Mexico 12 Jun 1991 |
| Point Swift | WPB-82312 | 22 Mar 1961 | 30 Mar 1995 | St. Petersburg, Florida 61-68; Clearwater Beach, Florida 69-91 | Stored at CG Yard at least through Jun 1997.[1] Sunk as an artificial reef near Cape May, New Jersey, 30 March 2000[12] |
| Point Slocum | WPB-82313 | 12 Apr 1961 | 11 Dec 1969 | St. Thomas, VI 61-65; Division 13, RVN 66-69 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Nguyễn Ngọc Thạch (HQ-706) 11 Dec 1969 |
| Point Thatcher | WPB-82314 | 13 Sep 1961 | 13 May 1992 | Miami Beach, Florida 61-63, 66-71; Norfolk, Virginia 64-65; Sarasota, Florida 71-84; Nokomis, Florida 85-92 | Sunk as artificial reef |
| Point Clear | WPB-82315 | 26 Apr 1961 | 15 Sep 1969 | San Pedro, California 61-65; Division 11, RVN 65-69 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Huỳnh Văn Đức (HQ-702) 15 Sep 1969 |
| Point Mast | WPB-82316 | 10 May 1961 | 15 Jun 1970 | Long Beach, California 61-65; Division 11, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as Ho Dang La 15 Jun 1970[Note 1] |
| Point Comfort | WPB-82317 | 24 May 1961 | 17 Nov 1969 | Benicia, California 61-65; Division 11, RVN 65-69 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Đào Thức (HQ-704) 17 Nov 1969 |
| Point Herron | WPB-82318 | 14 Jun 1961 | 27 Jul 1991 | Lewes, Delaware 61-64; Cape May, New Jersey 65; Bay Shore, New Jersey 66-81; Babylon, New York 82-91 | Transfer to Mexico 27 Jul 1991 |
| Point Orient | WPB-82319 | 28 Jun 1961 | 14 Jul 1970 | Ft. Pierce, Florida 61-65; Division 12, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Nguyễn Kim Hưng (HQ-722) 14 Jul 1970 |
| Point Kennedy | WPB-82320 | 19 Jul 1961 | 16 Mar 1970 | San Juan, PR 61-65; Division 13, RVN 66-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Huỳnh Văn Ngan (HQ-713) 16 Mar 1970 |
| Point Lomas | WPB-82321 | 9 Aug 1961 | 23 May 1970 | Port Aransas, Texas 61-65; Division 12, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as HQ-718 23 May 1970[Note 2] |
| Point Hudson | WPB-82322 | 30 Aug 1961 | 11 Dec 1969 | Panama City, Florida 61-65; Division 13, RVN 65-69 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Đặng Văn Hoành (HQ-707) 11 Dec 1969 |
| Point Grace | WPB-82323 | 27 Sep 1961 | 15 Jun 1970 | Crisfield, Maryland 61-65; Division 13, RVN 66-70 | Transfer to RVN as Dam Thoai 15 Jun 1970[Note 3] |
| Point Grey | WPB-82324 | 11 Oct 1961 | 14 Jul 1970 | Norfolk, Virginia 61-65; Division 11, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Huỳnh Bộ (HQ-723) 14 Jul 1970 |
| Point Dume | WPB-82325 | 1 Nov 1961 | 14 Feb 1970 | Fire Island, New York 61-65; Division 12, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Trường Tiền (HQ-709) 14 Feb 1970 |
| Point Cypress | WPB-82326 | 22 Nov 1961 | 15 Aug 1970[15] | Boston, Massachusetts 61-65; Division 13, RVN 66-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Hồ Duy (HQ-724) 15 Aug 1970[Note 4] |
| Point Banks | WPB-82327 | 13 Dec 1961 | 26 Mar 1970 | Woods Hole, Massachusetts 61-65; Division 13, RVN 66-70 | Transfer to RVN as HQ-719 26 Mar 1970[Note 5] |
| Point Gammon | WPB-82328 | 31 Jan 1962 | 11 Nov 1969 | Ft. Bragg, California 62-65; Division 12, RVN 65-69 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Nguyễn Đao (HQ-703) 11 Nov 1969 |
| Point Welcome | WPB-82329 | 14 Feb 1962 | 29 Apr 1970 | Everett, Washington 62-65; Division 12, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Nguyễn Hấn (HQ-717) 29 Apr 1970 |
| Point Ellis | WPB-82330 | 28 Feb 1962 | 9 Dec 1969 | Port Townsend, Washington 62-65; Division 12, RVN 65-69 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Lê Ngọc Thanh (HQ-705) 9 Dec 1969 |
| Point Marone | WPB-82331 | 14 Mar 1962 | 15 Aug 1970 | San Pedro, California 62-65; Division 11, RVN 65-70 | Transfer to RVN as RVNS Trương Ba (HQ-725) 15 Aug 1970 |
| Point Roberts | WPB-82332 | 6 Jun 1962 | 1 Feb 1992 | Mayport, Florida 62-92 | Transfer to EPA as Lake Explorer Duluth, Minnesota |
| Point Highland | WPB-82333 | 27 Jun 1962 | 24 Feb 2001 | Little Creek, Virginia 62-65; Crisfield, Maryland 65-81; Chincoteague, Maryland 81-97; Cape May, New Jersey 97-01 | Transfer to Trinidad & Tabago as Bacolet Point 30 Sep 01 |
| Point Ledge | WPB-82334 | 18 Jul 1962 | 3 Aug 1998 | Ft. Bragg, California 62-94; St. Thomas, VI 94-96; Mobile, Alabama 96-98 | Transfer to Venezuela 30 Aug 1998 |
| Point Countess | WPB-82335 | 8 Aug 1962 | 25 May 2000 | Bellingham, Washington 62-65; Everett, Washington 66-67; Port Angeles, Washington 68-88; Nokomis Beach, Florida 88-00 | Transfer to Republic of Georgia 29 Jun 2000 |
| Point Glass | WPB-82336 | 29 Aug 1962 | 3 Apr 2000 | Tacoma, Washington 62-70; Gig Harbor, Washington 71-89; Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 90-00 | Transfer to NOAA 3 Apr 2000 |
| Point Divide | WPB-82337 | 19 Sep 1962 | 31 Mar 1995 | Newport Beach, California 62-65; Corona del Mar, California 66-95 | Donated to Seattle Maritime Academy[18] renamed Maritime Instructor. |
| Point Bridge | WPB-82338 | 10 Oct 1962 | 19 Sep 2001 | San Pedro, California 62-64; Venice, California 65-78; Marina del Rey, California 79-01 | Transfer to Costa Rica |
| Point Chico | WPB-82339 | 29 Oct 1962 | 24 Jun 2001 | Sausalito, California 63-65; Benicia, California 66-74; Yerba Buena Island, California 74-80; Bodega Bay, California 80-01 | Transfer to Costa Rica |
| Point Batan | WPB-82340 | 22 Nov 1962 | 22 Sep 1999 | Fort Hancock, New Jersey 62-65; Pt. Pleasant, New Jersey 66-84; Cape May, New Jersey 85-99 | Transfer to Dominican Republic 22 Sep 1999 |
| Point Lookout | WPB-82341 | 12 Dec 1962 | 24 Mar 1994 | Pascagoula, Mississippi 62-64; Morgan City, Louisiana 65-94 | Sunk as artificial reef at Ocean City, Maryland 4 Apr 1997 |
| Point Baker | WPB-82342 | 30 Oct 1963 | 6 Feb 2002 | Port Isabel, Texas 63-65; Port Aransas, Texas 66-91, Sabine Pass, Texas 92-02 | Transfer to Republic of Georgia |
| Point Wells | WPB-82343 | 20 Nov 1963 | 13 Oct 2000 | Montauk, New York 64-00 | Transfer to Colombia |
| Point Estero | WPB-82344 | 11 Dec 1963 | 6 Feb 2001 | Gulfport, Mississippi 63-01 | Transfer to Colombia |
| Point Judith | WPB-82345 | 26 Jul 1966 | 15 Jan 1992 | San Pedro, California 66-72; Santa Barbara, California 73-92 | Transfer to Venezuela as Alcatraz (PG-32) 15 Jan 1992 |
| Point Arena | WPB-82346 | 26 Aug 1966 | 30 Mar 1995 | Little Creek, Virginia 66-95 | Stored at CG Yard at least through Jun 1997 |
| Point Bonita | WPB-82347 | 12 Sep 1966 | 14 Nov 2000 | Nantucket, Massachusetts 66-71; Woods Hole, Massachusetts 72-88; South Portland, Maine 88-00 | Transfer to Trinidad & Tobago 14 Nov 2000 |
| Point Barrow | WPB-82348 | 4 Oct 1966 | 7 Jun 1991 | San Francisco, California 66-80; Monterey, California 81-91 | Transfer to Panama as Tres de Noviembre (P-204) 7 Jun 1991 |
| Point Spencer | WPB-82349 | 20 Oct 1966 | 12 Dec 2000 | New Orleans, Louisiana 67-85; Galveston. TX 85-00 | Transfer to Dominican Republic 12 Dec 2000 |
| Point Franklin | WPB-82350 | 14 Nov 1966 | 23 Jun 1998 | Cape May, New Jersey 66-98 | Transfer to Venezuela as Pelicano (PG-34) 3 Aug 1998 |
| Point Bennett | WPB-82351 | 19 Dec 1966 | 12 Feb 1999 | Port Townsend, Washington 67-99 | Transfer to Trinidad and Tabago 12 Feb 1999 |
| Point Sal | WPB-82352 | 5 Dec 1966 | 29 May 2001 | Grand Isle, Louisiana 67-01 | Transfer to Colombia 29 May 2001 |
| Point Monroe | WPB-82353 | 27 Dec 1966 | 21 Aug 2001 | Galveston, Texas 67-68; Freeport, Texas 69-01 | Transfer to NOAA |
| Point Evans | WPB-82354 | 10 Jan 1967 | 1 Dec 1999 | Long Beach, California 67-92; Kauai, HI 92-99 | Transfer to Philippines |
| Point Hannon | WPB-82355 | 23 Jan 1967 | 11 Jan 2001 | West Jonesport, Maine 67-01 | Transfer to Panama |
| Point Francis | WPB-82356 | 2 Feb 1967 | 5 Mar 1999 | Fort Hancock, New Jersey 67-76; Highlands, New Jersey 76-99 | Transfer to Panama as 10 de Noviembre (P-207) 21 Apr 1999 |
| Point Huron | WPB-82357 | 17 Feb 1967 | 12 Apr 1999 | Norfolk, Virginia 67-99 | Transfer to Panama as 28 de Noviembre (P-206) |
| Point Stuart | WPB-82358 | 17 Mar 1967 | 27 Apr 2001 | Long Beach, California 67-95; Newport Beach, California 95-01 | Transfer to El Salvador |
| Point Steele ex-Point Buchon |
WPB-82359 | 26 Apr 1967 | 9 Jul 1998 | Rockaway, New York 67-70, Oswego, New York 70-80; Key West, Florida 80; Fort Myers Beach, Florida 82-98 | Transfer to Antigua-Barbuda as Hermitage (P-03) 17 Jul 1998 |
| Point Winslow | WPB-82360 | 3 Mar 1967 | 22 Sep 2000 | San Francisco, California 67-80; Eureka, California 81-86; Morro Bay, California 87-94, Morgan City, Louisiana 94-00 | Transfer to Panama 22 Sep 2000 |
| Point Charles | WPB-82361 | 5 May 1967 | 13 Dec 1991 | Cape Canaveral, Florida; 67-88; West Palm Beach, Florida 88-91 | Transfer to Texas A&M University |
| Point Brown | WPB-82362 | 30 Mar 1967 | 27 Sep 1991 | Little Creek, Virginia 67-81; Oregon Inlet, North Carolina 81-88; Atlantic Beach, North Carolina 88-91 | Donated to Coast Guard Auxiliary as Lady B, New York 30 Sep 1991 |
| Point Nowell | WPB-82363 | 13 Jun 1967 | 15 Oct 1999 | Port Isabel, Texas 67-99 | Transfer to Jamaica as Savanna Point 15 Oct 1999 |
| Point Whitehorn | WPB-82364 | 13 Jul 1967 | 30 Mar 1995 | St. Thomas, VI 67-95 | Scuttled Mar 1997 |
| Point Turner ex-Point Houghton | WPB-82365 | 14 Apr 1967 | 3 Apr 1998 | Newport, Rhode Island 67-98 | Transfer to St. Lucia as Alphonse Reynolds (P-05) 15 Apr 1998 |
| Point Lobos | WPB-82366 | 29 May 1967 | ? | Panama City, Florida 67-? | Transfer to NOAA, 2001 |
| Point Knoll | WPB-82367 | 27 Jun 1967 | 11 Sep 1991 | New London, Connecticut 67-91 | Transfer to Venezuela as Petrel (PG-31) 20 Dec 1991 |
| Point Warde | WPB-82368 | 14 Aug 1967 | 29 Jun 2000 | San Juan, PR 67-87; Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina 87-00 | Transfer to Colombia 29 Jun 2000 |
| Point Heyer | WPB-82369 | 3 Aug 1967 | 17 Dec 1998 | San Francisco, California 67-86; Morro Bay, California 87-98 | Transfer to Trinidad and Tobago 12 Feb 1999 |
| Point Richmond | WPB-82370 | 25 Aug 1967 | 30 Sep 1997 | Anacortes, Washington 67-87 | Transfer to Ecuador as 23 de Mayo 1997 |
| Point Barnes | WPB-82371 | 21 Apr 1970 | 12 Jan 2000 | Miami Beach, Florida 70-75; Fort Pierce, Florida 75-00 | Transfer to Jamaica |
| Point Brower[7] | WPB-82372 | 21 Apr 1970 | 28 March 2003 | San Diego, California 70-89; San Francisco, California 89- | Transfer to Azerbaijan as Marine Brigade Ship S-201 |
| Point Camden | WPB-82373 | 4 May 1970 | 15 Dec 1999 | San Pedro, California 70-92; Santa Barbara, California 92-99 | Transfer to Costa Rica |
| Point Carrew | WPB-82374 | 18 May 1970 | 22 Aug 2000 | San Pedro, California 70-84; Oxnard, California 85-00 | Transfer to Argentina |
| Point Doran | WPB-82375 | 1 Jun 1970 | 22 Mar 2000 | Everett, Washington 70-00 | Transfer to Philippines |
| Point Harris | WPB-82376 | 22 Jun 1970 | 12 Apr 1992 | Bodega Bay, California 70-77; Guam 78-80; Honolulu, HI 80-81; Nawiliwili, HI 90-92 | Sold to private owner |
| Point Hobart | WPB-82377 | 13 Jul 1970 | 8 Jul 1999 | Oceanside, California 70-99 | Transfer to Argentina |
| Point Jackson | WPB-82378 | 3 Aug 1970 | 30 May 2000 | Woods Hole, Massachusetts 70-00 | Transfer to Turkmenistan as Merjin 30 May 2000 |
| Point Martin | WPB-82379 | 20 Aug 1970 | 6 Aug 1999 | Norfolk, Virginia 70-73; Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina 74-83; Atlantic Beach, North Carolina 83-99 | Transfer to Dominican Republic 1 Oct 1999 |
Notes
- Footnotes
- ↑ The Coast Guard Historian's Office cites Point Mast being recommissioned Ho Dang La and no hull number. Scotti cites Dam Thoai and a hull number of HQ-721.[13]
- ↑ The Coast Guard Historian's Office cites Point Lomas being recommissioned with only a hull number of HQ-718. Scotti cites Van Dien and a hull number of HQ-719.[13]
- ↑ The Coast Guard Historian's Office cites Point Grace being recommissioned Dam Thoai and no hull number. Scotti cites Ho Dang La and a hull number of HQ-720.[14]
- ↑ Larzelere cites 15 August 1970 as decommissioning date of Point Cypress[15] while the Coast Guard Historian's Office[1] and Scheina[16] cite a decommissioning date of 11 November 1969. Larzelere cites picture of event on page 239 and an extract of the August 1970 monthly historical summary of Commander, Naval Forces Vietnam on page 240 as his source.
- ↑ The Coast Guard Historian's Office cites Point Banks being recommissioned with only a hull number of HQ-719. Scotti cites Ngo Van Quyen and a hull number of HQ-718.[17]
- Citations
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Coast Guard Historian website Point Class History Index
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Scheina, p 72
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Johnson, p 313
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Scotti, p 165
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Scotti, p 166
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "87-foot Coastal Patrol Boat (WPB) - Marine Protector Class". Marine Protector Class datasheet. US Coast Guard Historian's Office. http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/87wpb.asp. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 “Last of the Class”, USCGC Point Brower Press release 28 March 2003, R/V Transquest.com website
- ↑ Larzelere, p 229
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Scotti, pp 209-212
- ↑ Shipbuilding History. Com website Martinac cutter data
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Scotti, p 187
- ↑ New Jersey SCUBA website USCGC Point Swift
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Scotti, p 211
- ↑ Scotti, p 210
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Larzelere, p 239
- ↑ Scheina, p 69
- ↑ Scotti, p 209
- ↑ Seattle Maritime Academy website USCGC Point Divide
References cited
- Coast Guard Historian's official website. "Point-Class 82-foot WPBs". U.S Coast Guard Historian's Office. http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Point_Class_WPB_Index.asp. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- Johnson, Robert Irwin (1987). Guardians of the Sea, History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. ISBN 978-0-87021-720-3.
- Larzelere, Alex (1997). The Coast Guard at War, Vietnam, 1965-1975. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. ISBN 978-1-55750-529-3.
- Scheina, Robert L. (1990). U.S. Coast Guard Cutters & Craft, 1946-1990. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. ISBN 978-0-87021-719-7.
- Scotti, Paul C. (2000). Coast Guard Action in Vietnam: Stories of Those Who Served. Hellgate Press, Central Point, OR. ISBN 978-1-55571-528-1.
- Wells II, William R. (August 1997). "The United States Coast Guard's Piggyback 81mm Mortar/.50 cal. machine gun". Vietnam Magazine. http://www.pcf45.com/misfire/81-50.html. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
External links
- "Point" Class 82-foot WPBs Coast Guard Historian's websiteTemplate:Point class cutter
