Deleted:Tutte–Grothendieck invariant
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In mathematics, a Tutte–Grothendieck (TG) invariant is a type of graph invariant that satisfies a generalized deletion–contraction formula. Any evaluation of the Tutte polynomial would be an example of a TG invariant.[1][2]
Definition
A graph function f is TG-invariant if:[2]
<math>f(G) = \begin{cases} c^{|V(G)|} & \text{if null} \\ xf(G/e) & \text{if } e \text{ is a loop} \\ yf(G \backslash e) & \text{if } e \text{ is a coloop or bridge} \\ af(G/e) + bf(G \backslash e) & \text{else} \end{cases}</math>
Above G / e denotes edge contraction whereas G \ e denotes deletion. The numbers c, x, y, a, b are parameters.
Generalization to matroids
The matroid function f is TG if:[1]
- <math>\begin{align}
&f(M_1\oplus M_2) = f(M_1)f(M_2) \\ &f(M) = af(M/e) + b f(M \backslash e) \ \ \ \text{if } e \text{ is not coloop or bridge} \end{align}</math>
It can be shown that f is given by:
- <math>f(M) = a^{|E| - r(E)}b^{r(E)} T(M; x/a, y/b)</math>
where E is the edge set of M; r is the rank function; and
- <math>T(M; x, y) = \sum_{A \subset E(M)} (x-1)^{r(E)-r(A)} (y-1)^{|A|-r(A)}</math>
is the generalization of the Tutte polynomial to matroids.
Grothendieck group
The invariant is named after Alexander Grothendieck because of a similar construction of the Grothendieck group used in the Riemann–Roch theorem. For more details see:
- W. T. Tutte, A ring in graph theory
- https://www.pdf-archive.com/2017/08/22/brylawski-1972-the-tutte-grothendieck-ring/
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Welsh. Complexity, Knots, Colourings and Counting.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Goodall, Andrew. "Graph polynomials and Tutte-Grothendieck invariants: an application of elementary finite Fourier analysis". https://arxiv.org/pdf/0806.4848.pdf.